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Why Japan and Russia go to war in 104-05 is a one of the most dispute topics in 0th century. In fact it is varied by several reasons that will be discusses below.
First of all, I think the most of reason for Japan making this war should be related to its internal factor, Japanese culture and background at that period. Japan¡¯s isolation was rudely shattered in the 1850s, and in the ensuring domestic turmoil, a new government of radical reformers bent on rapid modernization and westernization replaced the Tokugawa shogunate. Their aim was to give Japan the strength which industrialization had given to the west so that the country could defend itself against the threat of imperialist domination, under ¡± Rich country, strong army.¡± 1 At that period time all of the Asian country subjected to imperialist pressures or to outright colonialism resented it, but Japan had thought of themselves from early times as a special people. Their distinctive culture and deep sense of separate identity, but stressed by their insular isolation and freedom from foreign invasion had helped to build an equally deep sense of national pride that keep Japan free of the taint of foreign pressures. There is a great change in 1867 that was succeed to be a new period ¡°MeiJi¡±
To complete the goals of ¡°Rich country, strong army,¡± the Meiji new government understood that the Japanese economy would have to grow and develop rapidly, especially in industry, which could support the military. There new government took the lead in starting and subsidizing heavy industries such as iron, steel, armaments, and shipbuilding, all along western lines, carrying most of original heavy expense and so on, then by new government supporting, Japanese economy get changed and a great flit¡At the same time Japan starts to be industrialization that booms economy in heavy industry and railways, there was also new opportunity for small entrepreneurs, in traditional consumer goods,
1.That is national goal after ¡°MeiJi¡± period (¡®East Asia¡¯ by Phoads Murphy)
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.The last emperor of the Tokugawa period had died in 1867 and was succeed by his 14 years old son Mutsuhito, who took the reign title¡¯MeiJi¡¯.
Commercial cropping and marking, and even foreign trade, most importantly silk, still largely a peasant and household operation. Then they tended to adopt some of Western culture, including clothing, diet, music, and manners and so on.
All these materials that I talked about above are very important internal conditions leading Japan to be one of imperialism countries in 0th century and into a war with Russia. By Japan¡¯s development and rapid economy growth, they start to seek some resource abundant countries for their product import and colony. In history, Japanese had long and troubled relations with Korea and China, and as Japanese strength increased it was perhaps understandable that they should look there with newly ambitious eyes. Yamagata and some of his colleagues had clearly felt that it was parts of new Japan¡¯s destiny to express its strength in East Asia, and it will be remembered that as early as 187 there were plans to invade Korea and early aggressive war to China in 184, then followed by an expedition to Korea an China to open ports for Japanese trade as treaty statement.
Secondly, I will talk about Russia at that period time. After the feudal system was abolished in 1860. In 1860 the serfs were emancipated; they had been attached to the land. The proprietors of the land, the Barins, had complete power over the serfs. Then first industry revolution, one word so far as the industrial situation is concerned. Russia has been developing with tremendous rapidity, especially during the past twenty years; her industries, particularly in cotton and iron, are growing very rapidly, and the same may be said to a smaller extent in regard to other industries. Russia still has a series reform that leads him to be strong and to be imperialism country just similar as Britain, France¡They all begin seeking for their new settlements that they can indirectly control them for theirs abundant resources and exceeded population. Now imaging world map, we can easily figure out China and Korea are the closest countries to Russia. China is easily considered to be Russia¡¯s settlement because of its abundant resource, cheap labors force and large land, then Korea will be his ¡°jump board¡± for indirectly control East-Asia regions. By the end of 1th century, Russia starts to
. ¡°The Russo Japanese War World book Multimedia Encyclopedia, 17 edition. December 000
invade Port Arthur, Manchuria and Korea.
Thirdly, because of this two imperialism countries¡¯ strength arising for contesting domination of East Asia, their benefit conflicts and contradictions motivate Japan and Russia into war. I will prove my point of views below.
The Russian-Japanese war of 104 was a European conflict that was fought because one country was becoming too strong. The conflict was mainly fought because two separate countries had their own special interests in Far East countries like Korea, China, and Manchuria. Britain and Japan recognized the independence of China and Korea, but at the same time authorized each other to intervene in either territory if their own special interests were threatened by another power or by internal disorder.
That power was now Russia. There was already a rivalry going on between Britain and Russia because of the Trans-Siberian railway but now there was another dimension. Russia now had access to the pacific. Her presence in Asia threatened already established Britain interests. China leased the ice-free Port Arthur to Russia and allowed them to store their war ships there. The two empires were set on a collision course. Britain was very reluctant to commit herself to a distant threat of war so she took a step to allying herself with the growing industrial power of Japan. In doing so, Britain found her soldiers in the east. At this time Russia failed to realize how powerful Britain and Japan had made them. Russia was unable to take Japan seriously even though they had many reports on how large the Japanese naval and military forces were. Unfortunately, Russias constant penetration into Korea and Manchuria continued unabated despite the presence of numbers of Japanese immigrants and traders. Russia had succeeded in replacing the now defunct Chinese influence with her own. Russia now began taking over the administrative departments and had their officers train the Korean army to fight on their side. In April, May, and June of 10, Russians had told the Japanese that they would move out of China. They did not and continued to occupy the land. In July of that same year, the Japanese Ambassador proposed that Russia and Japan were to recognize the independence of China and Korea. Both nations were to recognize preponderance; the Japanese in Korea balanced by Russians in Manchuria. They were to recall their troops from their respective area as soon as possible. In return, the Russians would protect the railways in Manchuria and the Japanese would do the same in Korea.
It came to the attention of the Japanese that the Russians were building up
They¡¯re naval and military forces in the Far East. They were also moving troops not only into Manchuria, but also into North Korea. It now became obvious to the Japanese that the Russians had no intention of releasing their hold on Manchuria and Korea. Nevertheless, the negotiations went on. On February 10th, 104,both nations produced formal declarations of war.
Finally, The Russo-Japanese war ended with the peace treaty of Portsmouthin in 105 by giving Japan Port Arthur and Dalny. Russia lost its territory in Manchuria and Korea to Japan. New Hampshire, mediated by President Theodor Roosevelt. Russia recognized the Japanese dominance over Korea and agreed to the long-term lease of the Liaodong Peninsula. Ten years later, Korea was formally integrated into Japan as a province.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.David Schimmelpenninck Van Der Oye, Toward the Rising Sun
.Ian Nish, The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War
.Hamilton, Sir Ian Standish Monteith. A Staff Officers Scrap-Book During the Russo-Japanese War. vols. London E. Arnold, 11
4. White, John Albert. The Diplomacy of the Russo-Japanese War.
5. Connaughton, R. M. The War of the Rising Sun and Tumbling Bear A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War. New York Routledge, 188
6. Walder, David. The Short Victorious War The Russo-Japanese Conflict 104-5. New York Harper & Row Publishers, 17.
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