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Rachael Garber
The 6th Amendment
Everyone in America who is over 18 is eligible to vote, no matter what race or gender they may be. In 1868 however only white, protestant, male property owners over 1 years of age had the privilege to vote. This was because the founders of America gave free rights to vote only to people like themselves, which were young white males. The magic age of 1 came about in medieval times. Knights in Europe believed if you were able to carry the heavy armor you were strong enough to take on the duties of a man. This was most often at age 1 and became known as the age of responsibility. Many young adults would son try to change this “unfair” age for voting. The idea to lower the voting age to 18 was first proposed in World War II. The idea was ignored all the way up until the Vietnam War. Many states decided to reconsider the voting age and the idea of an amendment in the Constitution was not far away.
During World War II the draft age was lowered to 18. Republican senator Arthur Landenberg and Democratic Representative Randolph Jennings proposed an amendment in response. They brought to the attention of many young soldiers that ¼ of the Army, ½ of the Marine Corps, and over 1/ of the Navy consisted of men under 1. Many states took this into consideration but Georgia was the only state to actually allow people under 1 to vote.
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When the Vietnam War started many 18-0 year olds brought up the idea of changing the voting age once again. This stemmed from their resistance to the draft and support of the war. Many war protests were being held across the nation during the Vietnam War. One of the main themes of protest during the time was against the fact that many of the soldiers drafted were forced to fight for their country but were not allowed to vote for their leaders because they weren’t 1, the legal voting age. In fact, the number one song on the pop music charts in 165 was “Eve of Destruction” where singer Barry McGuire stressed this truth, “The Eastern World, it is exploding, violence flaring, bullets loading; your old enough to kill, but not for voting. You don’t believe in war, but what’s that gun your toting?”
When the idea was still ignored by congress, senators Edward Kennedy, Warren Magnuson, and majority leader Mike Mansfield proposed to lower the age once again. However, they believed that a constitutional amendment wasn’t needed to change the age and instead an extension to the Voting Rights Act of 165 was created. The extension gave 18-year-olds the right to vote only in federal elections. The state of Oregon objected to the idea of letting 18-year-olds vote as well as to the extension of the Voting Rights Act because it was “unconstitutional”. They brought their case to the Supreme Court. The idea of changing the age brought up the fact that millions of dollars would have to be put into installing more voting machines and there would be large changes in the voting process. However, in the Oregon V. Mitchell case, the Supreme Court stated that congress had the power to lower the age to 18 in national elections but not for state and local elections.
The proposal for an amendment was made again after this so that any citizen over 18 years old wouldn’t be denied the right to vote. It was approved and ratified in a record of months and 7 days on June 0th 171, when the 6th Amendment was established. President Nixon certified the amendment with these words of motivation for young people, “The reason I believe that your generation, the 11
million new voters, will do much for America at home is that you will infuse into this nation some idealism, some courage, some stamina, some high moral purpose, this country always needs.” With that, the youth of America finally became apart of the political process.
The 6th Amendment caused some major changes in the voting process. It put an end to all remaining limits on the right to vote. In fact, the Supreme Court began using the equal protection clause of article 1 section 4 of the Constitution to further ban voting restrictions. Section 4 of the Congressional elections states that, “Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations.” To add to the “legal revolution” the 6th Amendment caused there was also many changes in the requirements of voting. The language barrier was dropped and poll taxes, literary tests, and understanding clauses were removed from the voting process.
Young Adults were finally given the right to be apart of their nations decisions because of the 6th Amendment. America began to notice how capable the majority of their young people were in being responsible and intelligent enough to vote. Richard Nixon tried to shine a light on this idea that many older Americans looked down upon by stating, “The reason the voting age is lowered is not that eighteen-year-olds are old enough to fight. It is because they are smart enough to vote.” The only disappointing part of 18-year-old voting is how apathetic most of them are about the subject today. In a recent showing in 16 only .% of teens
18-0 years of age totaled in U.S. votes, while in 17 it was at 6.% of U.S. votes that was the highest it ever was. If it wasn’t for 18-0 year-olds of the late 60’s and
early 70’s the young adults of today wouldn’t have their freedom of voting and that should be taken into consideration the next time an election is held.
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