Black women's hardship around Harlem Renaissence

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Black womens hardship around Harlem Renaissence


During Harlem Reneissance period, black women has great difficulties in thier life. As they always has carried double burdens racially and sexually, black and women, their life is much harder than black mens or non-black womens. They struggle with disatvantages which their unique and unavoidable burdens brought to them.


In Elise Johnson Mcdougalds The Task of Negro Womanhood , their burdens are explained with historical and sociological point of view about three socio-economic groups (bourgeoise, working middle-class mothers, and poor housewives), while Nella Larsens Quicksand focuses on one middle-class woman who has a black father and a Danish mother and continues unsuccessful journey to search for racial identity .


The disadvantage brought by this burden is clearly seen especially when it comes to their work situation, family situation, and establishing identities.


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The number and kind of jobs that black women can get are more limited and paid lower than black men and non-black women. Because of the double handicap, they are in the worst position to be hired for a good position.


Elise Johnson Mcdougald observes that many of them started to work because of thier husbands low income,but too many applied to limited jobs which paid a little. To make it worse, black women tended to be turned down three times higher than others .(70-71) Those jobs are mostly the extension of the housekeeping, supporting or taking care of someone, such as clerical work or nursing and teaching. In Quicksand, Helga Crane is illustrated as a middle-high class woman who used to work in faculty position at college and after marriage with a preacher stayed at home to raise her children.


However,they relaize their double burden affect not only thier work situation but also their family situation. Whether they have work outside or not, black women have to take care of their families and raise their children. It is very tough and exhausting.


Elise Johnson Mcdougald describes ,even though they start to work because of thier mens insufficient income, black men tend to show the dominating family attitude of the cruder working-class husband because of their frustration about thier inability of determine their economic life. Their children grow up with watching such a relationship of their parents and learn unequality of power between men and women. Therefore it is even difficult to install different ideas to their sons.(7-7)


In Quicksand, Helga Crane needs to take care of her four children, even though she is not healthy. People around her say to her that everyone is tired so that she should be endured, too. People expect her to carry the role of her gender. To Helga Crane, gender is as important as race. After she stops pusuing racial identity to fill her emptiness, she seeks for gender/sexual identity only to find emptiness again and feel exhauseted in the end.


As they are discriminated and necatively evaluated, it is difficult for black women to have positive image about themselves which is neccessary to establish identities. If you are not proud of your roots, you probably dont want to have the identity in that roots.


In Quicksand, Helga Crane cant establish her own identity because of the color of her skin and her feelings of disconnection from both her black and white roots. Even though she tries to fill her emptiness by belonging to different groups , either black or white, she fails to satisfy herself without her own identity.Because of ignoring a part of her roots as black and just focusing on gender identity as woman, she failed to establish a stable identity.


Elise Johnson Mcdougald points out that black women are forced to think negatively about themselves by other peoples evaluation. For example, the grotesque Aunt Jemimsa of the street-car advertisements, proclaim only and ability to serve, without grace of loveliness.(68-6)


The image other people have about black women are shown on media, they unconsciouslly take it into themselves and let it grow. Some of them who feel inferiority of her own race and gender cannot be proud of her roots and identity.


With all those difficulties, black women during Harlem Renaissance struggled to survive their lives. They were mistreated at workplace, supressed at home, and imposed negative self-image in their society.Through that hardship, they have helped each other and fought against those unfairness to improve their status by uniting based on a church-centered community or working for better social welfare for themselves. Double burden imposed on black women put them into the lowest level in the hierarchy of American society, but ,because of that situation, they could establish the basis of civil rights based on their experience of surviving at the bottom of the society. Those double burdens suppressed them for a long time, but, at the same time, those burdens gave them a chance to see problems their society had and a power to unite to fight against them.





Works Cited


Larsen, Nella. Quicksand. The Portable Harlem Reneissance Reader. Ed.David Lewis. New York Penguin, 15. 40-460.


Mcdougald, Johnson Elise. The Task of Negro Womanhood. The Portable Harlem Reneissance Reader. Ed.David Lewis. New York Penguin, 15. 68-75.


Black womens hardship around Harlem Renaissence


During Harlem Reneissance period, black women has great difficulties in thier life. As they always has carried double burdens racially and sexually, black and women, their life is much harder than black mens or non-black womens. They struggle with disatvantages which their unique and unavoidable burdens brought to them.


In Elise Johnson Mcdougalds The Task of Negro Womanhood , their burdens are explained with historical and sociological point of view about three socio-economic groups (bourgeoise, working middle-class mothers, and poor housewives), while Nella Larsens Quicksand focuses on one middle-class woman who has a black father and a Danish mother and continues unsuccessful journey to search for racial identity .


The disadvantage brought by this burden is clearly seen especially when it comes to their work situation, family situation, and establishing identities.





The number and kind of jobs that black women can get are more limited and paid lower than black men and non-black women. Because of the double handicap, they are in the worst position to be hired for a good position.


Elise Johnson Mcdougald observes that many of them started to work because of thier husbands low income,but too many applied to limited jobs which paid a little. To make it worse, black women tended to be turned down three times higher than others .(70-71) Those jobs are mostly the extension of the housekeeping, supporting or taking care of someone, such as clerical work or nursing and teaching. In Quicksand, Helga Crane is illustrated as a middle-high class woman who used to work in faculty position at college and after marriage with a preacher stayed at home to raise her children.


However,they relaize their double burden affect not only thier work situation but also their family situation. Whether they have work outside or not, black women have to take care of their families and raise their children. It is very tough and exhausting.


Elise Johnson Mcdougald describes ,even though they start to work because of thier mens insufficient income, black men tend to show the dominating family attitude of the cruder working-class husband because of their frustration about thier inability of determine their economic life. Their children grow up with watching such a relationship of their parents and learn unequality of power between men and women. Therefore it is even difficult to install different ideas to their sons.(7-7)


In Quicksand, Helga Crane needs to take care of her four children, even though she is not healthy. People around her say to her that everyone is tired so that she should be endured, too. People expect her to carry the role of her gender. To Helga Crane, gender is as important as race. After she stops pusuing racial identity to fill her emptiness, she seeks for gender/sexual identity only to find emptiness again and feel exhauseted in the end.


As they are discriminated and necatively evaluated, it is difficult for black women to have positive image about themselves which is neccessary to establish identities. If you are not proud of your roots, you probably dont want to have the identity in that roots.


In Quicksand, Helga Crane cant establish her own identity because of the color of her skin and her feelings of disconnection from both her black and white roots. Even though she tries to fill her emptiness by belonging to different groups , either black or white, she fails to satisfy herself without her own identity.Because of ignoring a part of her roots as black and just focusing on gender identity as woman, she failed to establish a stable identity.


Elise Johnson Mcdougald points out that black women are forced to think negatively about themselves by other peoples evaluation. For example, the grotesque Aunt Jemimsa of the street-car advertisements, proclaim only and ability to serve, without grace of loveliness.(68-6)


The image other people have about black women are shown on media, they unconsciouslly take it into themselves and let it grow. Some of them who feel inferiority of her own race and gender cannot be proud of her roots and identity.


With all those difficulties, black women during Harlem Renaissance struggled to survive their lives. They were mistreated at workplace, supressed at home, and imposed negative self-image in their society.Through that hardship, they have helped each other and fought against those unfairness to improve their status by uniting based on a church-centered community or working for better social welfare for themselves. Double burden imposed on black women put them into the lowest level in the hierarchy of American society, but ,because of that situation, they could establish the basis of civil rights based on their experience of surviving at the bottom of the society. Those double burdens suppressed them for a long time, but, at the same time, those burdens gave them a chance to see problems their society had and a power to unite to fight against them.





Works Cited


Larsen, Nella. Quicksand. The Portable Harlem Reneissance Reader. Ed.David Lewis. New York Penguin, 15. 40-460.


Mcdougald, Johnson Elise. The Task of Negro Womanhood. The Portable Harlem Reneissance Reader. Ed.David Lewis. New York Penguin, 15. 68-75.





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working women

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I believe that, in today’s society the working women are as good as or better at being mothers than the woman who stay home with their children. The working women are more educated than the women who stay at home. An education makes a very big difference between these two types of women who are mothers.


The educated and working women are in more contact with the outside world and the educated people. Their thinking become widens. They know that the children’s growth and development is more important than the number of children. More children in one home could not get equal and better growth than the fewer children could get. So they are focusing more on their children’s growth and education rather than having babies. Whereas the women who are not education they are not concentrating on the child birth. They have more babies than they can afford.


The working women could be more communicative than the women who stay at home because they know the different type of people and always deal with them. They can know their children very well compare to women stays at home. The communication is the main important part in the child-rearing. By good communication mother could understand her child.


The women who stay at home have more time with their children, but because the lack of education they can not teach their children well. Their world is a microcosm of and sometimes they don’t even recognize their children’s good talent. Opposite to that the women, who are working, could spend less time with their children compare to the women who stays at home. But their knowledge and some good technique help them in raising their children. The technique like thy always spend time at job during their children’s school, or some times they work in early morning or night. So that they can spend more time with their children, and able to keep track of their children’s school record. Although their time with their children is lesser than the women stay at home but whatever time they spend with their children from that they can get best out-come.


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So it is not necessary that the women who stay at home become better mother by just spending more time with their children, than the women who work have less time with their children. The working women also become better mother because of their courage and strong determination towards their children, which is sometimes absence in the women who stays at home.





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Effects of sin

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A major component of our society is based on a standard of morals that determines the consequences of our actions. In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a sin was introduced that had the Puritan society in an uproar. Hester Prynne, convicted of adultery, was displayed before the town square for public humiliation. She wore a scarlet “A” upon her breast as a reminder of her sin. Hester spotted Roger Chillingsworth, her husband whom she had not seen for years, in the crowd. Chillingsworth made Hester keep his identity a secret and he committed his life in search of the man who took part in the offense. Reverend Dimmesdale was the unrevealed transgressor who committed adultery with Hester. Pearl was the child born of their shameful actions who endured the contempt of the Puritans in her young life. Hawthorne traces the effects of sin upon Hester, Pearl, Chillingsworth, and Dimmesdale as an analysis of the human psyche under the strict doctrines of the Puritan society.


Hawthorne illustrated Hester Prynne as a strong-willed character throughout the novel. Hester was determined guilty of adultery and sentenced to live in ignominy with the symbol “A.” Although Hester’s crime placed herself and Pearl in isolation, she did not live at the outskirts of society to hide her sin. Rather, she became more open about it by dressing Pearl, the symbol of her shame, in flamboyant colors to show that she was not disgraced by her actions. Although she was publicly scorned, Hester lived in the Puritan society for the betterment of the people. Hawthorne used Hester as the living consequence of sin to show that her actions could overcome her shame. She became very charitable and undertook the duties of caring for the poor and the elderly. Her kind deeds are used to show how she earned respect from the people. Hester’s determined character influenced the nature of little Pearl.


Pearl was the innocent embodiment of Hester and Dimmesdale’s sin. She grew up apart from the Puritan community and was never accepted by the other children. That type of environment attributed to her dislike of the people and their strict customs. Hester had foretold, “‘…my child must seek a heavenly Father, she shall never know an earthly one!’” Pearl grew up without a father figure and was indifferent to that issue. She resembled nature in that she was full of energy and a free spirit. She had little restrictions and her nymph-like disposition lead the Puritans to believe that Satan influenced the child. Hawthorne used Pearl to show how foreignness was immediately linked to sinfulness in the minds of the Puritans. Their assumptions and behaviors toward Pearl was what truly affected the girl. Her rebellious and imaginative ways were only natural because she was shunned and friendless since birth. Amongst the people, Pearl immediately disliked Chillingsworth, the “Black Man.”


Nathaniel Hawthorne used Roger Chillingsworth as an example of true evilness. Chillingsworth sought the partner of Hester’s shame and intended to harm the man. He eventually gained an intimate acquaintance with Dimmesdale and proceeded to hurt him spiritually. The author compared Chillingsworth with Satan, “‘Had a man seen old Roger Chillingsworth, at that moment of his ecstasy, he would have had no need to ask how Satan comports himself when a precious human soul is lost to heaven, and won into his kingdom.” Chillingsworth pried into Dimmesdale’s mind and suggested that secret sins were unforgivable. That idea allowed Dimmesdale’s guilt to grow and further tortured the reverend’s soul. The man was deteriorating inwardly and physically. The people respected their young clergyman and wanted the best for him. They perceived the horrid Chillingsworth as a good citizen with the best intentions for their beloved Reverend Dimmesdale.


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Arthur Dimmesdale suffered greatly from his secret sins. His inner turmoil motivated him to preach passionately in his sermons, which impacted the people in his parish. Hawthorne let the readers know that Dimmesdale had attempted to disclose his ignominy to the congregation. However, Dimmesdale was unable to succeed because his words against himself only lead the people to respect him even more. His reputation was raised to a higher level and many believed that he was a humble man. Inwardly however, he became more anguished because his sin made him an unforgivable bigot who was leading God’s children astray. He realized of Chillingsworth, “‘That old man’s revenge has been blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart.’” Dimmesdale finally found redemption when he told his secret to the people upon a scaffold where he died immediately after. His death was his final salvation and the people had even greater respect for the tortured minister.


Hawthorne traces the effects of sin among the characters as an analysis of the human mind under the strict doctrines of Puritan society. Hester was used to show an opposition toward her sentence to live in shame. Pearl was the result of one affected by an isolated environment and scorn. Chillingsworth’s character was changed from a normal man to an evil being influenced by his hatred for another. Dimmesdale deteriorated mainly because of his secret sin of growing hypocrisy. The Puritan people frowned upon many misdeeds and dispensed harsh punishment toward sinners, but actions of the individual are weighed more than the sin itself.


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Response to Emerson's Nature and Self Reliance

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My thoughts on “Nature” extend beyond the normal response that you, Mrs. Segall, call for. I can actually relate to Ralph Waldo Emerson in the fact that he is alone, but not solitary. I see that this being alone and not solitary is truly a great state of mind. Emerson spent two years of his life alone in nature. Being solitary in my mind doesn’t strike me as being by yourself, it means more than that to me. I think solitary means completely by yourself to the point where you don’t like it. I think Emerson liked being alone and he was not solitary because he liked being alone. When he was alone he could write with a clear mind. Emerson also makes a great point when he says that an adult cannot see nature as well as a child can. I think that his means that a child has not lived on the earth for as long as an adult has, but that an adult has, so the adult may just take nature for granted. Self-Reliance didn’t really hit me that hard, but the personal response to it did. I feel exactly the way the author, Shelby Pearl, does in the way that if there is only a norm, and no one reaches beyond that norm, then nothing new can be created. You cannot create something new out of something that is already there, you have to create it out of a modification of what is there. I have also noticed that Emerson uses many paradoxes in his writings. I think that this is very clever of him. The paradoxes make one think about what the author is thinking about. And the fact that these paradoxes could never happen only breathe life into the picture in one’s mind about what the author is trying to convey in his words. At least that’s what I think. I love how romanticism can either be seen at face value or can be seen as something deeper, something more to think about.


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clonning

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In today’s world, modern genetics has led to many techniques for manipulating genes and chromosomes. These techniques promise great improvements into future generations, also in medicine and agriculture. Cloning is the one of the most promising techniques. I will discuss cloning as a modern genetic technique in order to illustrate some examples of how it is done, disadvantages, and advantages.


Producing genetically identical organisms is called cloning. This name can be given to any method of reproduction which produces genetically identical offspring. So taking cuttings, layering and grafting are all examples of cloning. But recently the world has taken on a rather special meaning as a result of two very interesting experiments. An American scientist did the first experiment of cloning a plant. He cut out a little piece of a carrot and put it in a dish containing various nutrients. Then the carrot cells divided. The scientist then separated the cells, and put one of them on its own in a nutrient fluid. A remarkable thing happened. The cell multiplied and developed into a tiny embryo, which grew into a carrot plant. I think the great advantage of this technique is that lots of identical plants can be produced from one original plant. If the original plant has nice flowers, special chemical in its cells, or grown well, so will all the new plants. In my opinion this kind of cloning opens up all sorts of possibilities. I mean, if the carrots can be cloned, why not the other species? Turning this experiment into a commercial process is not easy, but cloning plants is now done on a large scale.


British scientist, using frogs, did the second experiment, which is the cloning an animal. First he took an unfertilized frog’s egg and destroyed its nucleus with ultraviolet radiation. Next he took a cell from a frog and carefully sucked out its nucleus with a very fine pipette. He then injected the nucleus into the egg. So he now had an egg containing a nucleus from another individual. The egg then developed into a frog. Moreover, the scientist went further. He took lots of nuclei out of the same frog, and injected them into eggs. In this way he produced lots of identical frogs. I think it is possible to see how this sort of thing might one day be used commercially.


I asked to my uncle to state one advantage of sexual reproduction over cloning, which is asexual reproduction. He answered “ It’s more fun”. He may have been right, but there are other things that he might have said. One of the great advantages of sexual reproduction is that the offspring differ from their parents and from each other (unless they are identical twins). They all differ because they contain different genes. So sexual reproduction gives rise to variety. Later I think we shall see that this enables the quality of the species to be improved. On the other hand asexual reproduction produces offspring, which are exactly alike, and like their parents. They all have the same genes. So I think that asexual reproduction does not give rise to variety, and it can’t improve species. Genetic defects and weaknesses are bound to be passed on to the offspring, and any infectious diseases are likely to be passed on too. So not having variety is one of the disadvantages of cloning. I think there are a few more examples of disadvantages of cloning. Disadvantages such as over population, laws and society and other things such as religious beliefs and places in society. In today’s world we have population problems. I think we are over population in the world and because of the increasing population the average area of one person is decreasing. So think what may happen in the future after cloning many humans. Everybody will have one or more identicals, I mean there will be two Sarels or more, instead of one, so the population will increase twice or more. Consequently, no place will left. If cloning falls under everybody’s control or comes into everybody’s possession the laws should be changed in order to make people cloning at specific number. So there may be chaos to make new laws. Also what about religious beliefs, I think cloning will be considered as playing with God. So religious people will rebel because they believe that God is the only true creator of life and it would be blasphemous for humans to make this role. Again there may be chaos between people who admires cloning and religious people.


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Although may people are opposed to the cloning of humans, there are some significant advantages. I think that it would be possible for parents to deny their child a recessive gene which both possess but neither express the ethics. By taking the DNA from a parent there would be a significant decrease in the risk of the child developing a serious disease.


There are some ethical and moral issues related to cloning. At first, I thought the idea of cloning a human seemed like something we shouldnt be trying to figure out. It is playing with nature in order to create another life. However, the more I researched this topic, the more I felt that cloning might not do only bad things in todays society. It really is like being a twin separated by time which would most likely produce totally distinct personalities. However, many anti cloning arguments are due to lack of understanding of its possibilities. The idea of cloned slave races controlled by the government programmed to work as robots for purposes of evil would not be possible because clones are born from a mother. They would have a normal birth and unless the government decides to run a day care center and raise the clones from birth. I think a cloned slave race is unlikely. However, with this modern age, we have a great deal of knowledge about genetics, which is likely to lead to other even scarier possibilities than cloning. Scientists have been attempting to put human genes in animals in order to produce organs that our bodies would accept in a transplant and various medicines. Although this may advance our field of medicine, whos to say scientists wont start playing around with our genes before we are ever born. This means a slave race could be possible, if peoples brain functions were removed genetically and then they were cloned to produce mass armies of half-human beings preprogrammed for war. Besides evil ways the genetic preprogramming could be used. Scientists also could attempt to preprogram people with positive characteristics such as higher intelligence or possibly a stronger physique. Although certain traits could produce more genetically advanced individuals. It seems that everyone would want their child to be perfect, and the natural system by which genes are presently selected would be abandoned.


In conclusion, it is extremely important as the future of cloning depends upon the beliefs of people. With just a little imagination, it seems easy to see the future of cloning leading to about a world where natural selection is conducted in the most unnatural of ways. I can imagine people paying fees to have the opportunity to raise a cloned movie star. Sports fans would pay big moneys for the opportunity to raise the clones of their favorite athletes. The lower classes will settle for cloned college professors or businessmen. Everyone will seek a better life for their children by making them more genetically inclined for success than their parents were. Eventually, “a grassroots movement will emerge, urging people to give birth to regular people, but there will be no regular people left to mate with.” So finally I think everyone will be a model, a genius or a super-athlete.





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teaching two types of students

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5155 5155 1


Professor Chronister


Senior Seminar


11 October 00


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Teaching two types of students


Teaching elementary students is an extremely problematical, yet pleasurable occupation. There is a massive amount of dedication that goes into it. The students are mainly divided into two different groups Special E.D. (children with disabilities), and regular students . Though children with disabilities in elementary schools are considered a minority, they do not appear to let the discrimination get to them. And even though most teachers prefer to teach normal students, there are a small amount of them that have a passion to teach the disabled. Then who is better to teach? If a person asked that question to the majority of people, they would most likely choose special education. Therefore, teaching special educational students is more unpretentious than teaching regular elementary students.


Teaching in classrooms started in the early 1600’s. The majority of the teachers only had a basic elementary education. Basically they were no smarter than their students. The classes contained students of grades first through sixth, and the rooms were small. The teachers taught almost the same basic material to everyone. Teachers did not teach children with disabilities. Because if their differences, they were not allowed in school. The educators did not have the





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patience and commitment for special children. It was extraordinarily rare for a child with a disability to attend school anyway. However, since disabilities are growing briskly, it’s common for special educational students and regular students to share the same instructive environment (“History of teaching”).


Teaching regular elementary students are a challenge, especially children in the lower grades. Since the students tend to be riotous and out of control sometimes, a teacher needs to know how to keep their children focused. “You have to keep the student continuously interested, and make sure that they are having fun while in the process of learning” (Taylor). Teachers should be austere, yet at the same time, entertaining towards their students. In a comparison between the lower grades versus the higher grades in elementary, Iascone believes that first and second graders tend to be more eager to learn. “Younger students are very enthusiastic and they tend to respect their teachers and higher authorities more than a fourth or fifth grader would “ (Iascone).


Children without any disabilities may have a hard time learning the criteria in school as well as a child with one. Teaching them may actually be more easier said than done for the reason that, they have an extremely short attention span, especially first through fourth graders. It may be equally difficult to get a regular student to learn because they have a short attention span. Therefore, a teacher should take their time with regular students as well as with children with disabilities. Both may also have a difficult time mainly for the fact


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that they are easily distracted, or they simply have other things on their mind.


“My students do not really put that much effort into their work. They’re great, but they’re at the point where recess and lunch is more important than learning the academic criteria” (Taylor).


It is also arduous to discipline a regular student. “When disciplining a student, a teacher has to be firm, and make sure that the consequences are suitable for the problems that the child has caused” (Taylor). Most teachers do not like to be strict, so they tend to bend the rules for elementary students. And by doing this, the child will not have self-discipline, and will probably become a problem child in the classroom. For that reason, teachers should put their uncontrollable students on time out, and if that does not work, then send them to the principal.


Many teachers who teach normal elementary students, find that it is sometimes stressful, complicating, yet excellent. Students have to have a bond with their teacher, so that the learning environment will be stress-less and free from problems. Also, since special educational students are easily ridiculed for they way they behave and learn, many of their teachers try to make the learning atmosphere more peaceful. But some of their teachers treat both students equally, therefore, they might also accidentally show their students a little bit of criticism.


Teaching children with disabilities can also be a rewarding experience. Almost 10,000 babies born in the United States have some degree of mental


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retardation (“Teaching children with disabilities”). One of the most common disabilities found in children is ADHD or ADD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Children with ADHD, display signs of the short attention span along


with hyperactivity. Statistics have shown that there is at least one child with ADD in every classroom, and most teachers are not even aware of it. Some of their symptoms include talking excessively, easily distracted, and has a difficult time concentrating on their schoolwork (“Teaching children with ADHD”).


While teaching children with disabilities, an instructor must have an extreme amount of patience. They cannot be as stern and strict as they would with a regular student. Teachers must have good training for teaching them, and they should have a likeness for it. This takes a lot of ones time and patience. People who have disabilities learn in the same way as everyone else, but their learning pace may vary significantly from their peers, and they may need much repetition (“Special education inclusion”). There are not any inimitable teaching methods for the disabled, but teaching adaptations can be to smooth the progress of the learning experiences of a disabled student. A teacher should know the child well. Instead of doing a plain assignment, turn it into a fun, and exciting learning activity for them. An instructor should also encouraging to for their students. A Teacher should not expect a disabled child to do their assignment perfectly, and neatly. And a teacher should not put a disabled child down for not doing things at a fast pace.


Many parents and teachers have debated whether regular students and


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students with disabilities should share the same classroom. Some believe that they should have separate classes, while others believe that they should share the same learning environment. Although these children are different from each other, this does not necessarily mean that they should be treated differently. Both sets of students require a huge amount of dedication. Also, a teacher should be very supportive of them. Teachers should value their students equally, no matter how their students learning span is. Many people believe that inclusion (teaching disabled and regular students in the same classroom) is a good idea. But others believe that it’s not the way to go for better education. Teachers should unite the two groups of students. The students should not be divided because of their mental differences.


Teachers have a hard time teaching their students, period. They spend most of their time putting all of their attentiveness and heart into doing their job. Whether it’s working with children with disabilities or regular children, teachers do a great deal to educate the leaders of the future. Each individual child has special needs, and a teacher should make sure that their requirements are met. But when asked which set of elementary students are unproblematic to teach, some will say regular students. Sure, regular elementary students don’t have that extra baggage to deal with. But there is just something about teaching special educational students


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that is exceptionally unique.





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Mystery

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It was a sunny day in Riverdale, Texas. Joyce was ironing her daughter Dorothy’s clothes as Dorothy was in the shower getting ready for school. They lived in a quiet neighborhood where not a crime is committed. Joyce and her husband Jim were friends with everyone on the block and everyone loved them. All the kids would wake up the same time and all go to school and then after school they all meet at the lamppost to think of an activity to play.


One day after school let out, Joyce went down to the bus stop to get her daughter off the bus. Dorothy never got off. Joyce started to panic and ran home to call Jim. Jim told her not to worry and he will be right home. Joyce tried to stay calm but she couldn’t help to think something terrible has happened to her only child.


About a half-hour of waiting, Jim finally arrived home. She ran in his arms full of tears and cried that she wanted her daughter back. He asked to call the cops. She ran to the phone, dialed 11 and they told her she couldn’t report a missing child until 4 hours. She couldn’t wait that long. She was so upset that her precious angel was missing. She lost all hope when another hour passed by. She thought she would never find her daughter again.


At about seven o’clock that night their was a knock at the door. Joyce ran up from the kitchen chair and opened up the front door. There stood a woman that looked so familiar to her. The woman introduced herself as Dorothy’s bus driver. Her name happened to be Jennifer. Joyce’s heart started to pound quicker. She could feel the sweat start to release and drip down her head. She calmly said, “Yes, Can I help you?” Then Jennifer says, “I believe I know where your daughter is and she is ok.” Joyce’s heart started to relax when she heard the news. She screamed across the house for Jim’s attention to come to the door, that Dorothy’s bus driver knows where Dorothy is. Jim walked eagerly to the door and as soon as he showed up at the door, Dorothy popped out of the bush. She ran up to the door and hugged her parents as if they haven’t seen her in years. When they asked where she was, the bus driver told them that she had fell asleep on the bus and since she was all the way in the back she didn’t see her sleeping until later that night when she went to go clean up her bus.


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They were so relieved that Dorothy was home that they went out to go celebrate. They were so scared they were never going to see their daughter again. From that day on they never took their eyes off of her because they never realized the fear of loosing a child.





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Pimps up hoes down

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I havent decided which topic to dewell on until I heard of a story, the same story that happened again between my classmates this term. Another pair of boyfriend and girlfriend had said goodbye to each other, leaving only the good memories of the sweet past and a miserable future in front.


Someone once told me there are no rights or wrongs in love after he was turned down by a girl. However, he ended up his comment with I dont believe there is true love in campus now, which surprised me most. Another boy, who is one of my best friends, after bidding farwell to his girlfriend, said he still loved the girl so much although it was her who wanted to leave him, which also made me deeply impressed.


Although I have witnessed or have heard of many sotories about the love in campus, most of which were ended with tear,sadness and misery, I still firmly believe that there is true love in campus.It may come from a slight trembling in the heart, it may stem from appreciations between good friends and it may have made its way from a pure-hearted talk on a certain occasion, but it does exist and it will not die out as long as human beings remain as emotional creatures.


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There are many reasons for university students try to find a girl friend or a boy friend.Some want to prove their attractiveness while many of them want to get rid of the loneliness and fastidium of the campus life, still some others just want to have a try on everything including love, but among them, there are people who have really found the resonance of their hearts, and the harmony of their minds between the two of them. And there are people who have devoted themselves into loving each other without demanding return. Love means not ever having to say you are sorry,because love only calls for bona fides, for the true feelings between the two, and understandings of the two under any circumstances. Devotions to love help build a ever-lasting and unfaded love in spite of time, distances and misunderstandings.





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Trifles

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As you read Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles, the plot is very clear. The characters are trying to find evidence and motives to murder mystery. There is also a sort of underlying message or conflict with the characters that focuses on being loyal to your own sex. Both of these messages are so clear that one could argue to which one is the actual theme of the play. This is because the play ends with the women finding the evidence that could lead to the murderer and their motive. Instead they do not reveal to the men what they found. The murder is never actually solved, although it is quite clear to the readers and the audience who the murderer is. The men in the play are clear in their own minds without any substantial evidence to who committed the murder also. The play ends without really stating an outcome of the whole situation. The audience is left to guess as to what happens in the end base on what “evidence” they are given.


The argument that the theme or message of the play is being loyal to one’s sex begins with the name of the play, Trifles. The Merriam Webster dictionary defines trifles as something of little value, substance or importance. There was a comment made in the play that women always worry about trifles. This is where the sub-conflict becomes clear and also the reason for naming the play Trifles. Why would the playwright name the play Trifles, if that was not supposed to be the message she wanted to conveyed? The men in the play never found real evidence or a motive to the murder that took place. They also never found out about the evidence that the women found that could have possibly led to the motive of the murder.


The setting of the play is in an abandoned farmhouse, where a murder took place the night before. The five characters are entering the house, where it is dark, cold and uninviting. Before this night and the night in question, a couple named Mr. and Mrs. Wright occupied the house. The men are confident when entering the house, whereas the women stand nearer the door. As Mr. Hale, a neighboring farmer, who found the murdered victim, is describing to the county attorney, Mr. Henderson, what he saw when he entered the house the day before, he states why he had come to visit the family. His reason for stopping by the Wright’s place was to see if they were at all interested in going in on a party line. He thought that if he asked Mr. Wright in the presence of his wife it might persuade him to go in on the line. As he is saying this it dawns on him that what Mr. Wright’s wife wanted made no difference to Mr. Wight anyway. The county attorney puts off the comment wanting to get more information on what Mr. Hale saw yesterday, instead of maybe gaining insight on the couple and how they interacted with each, which could have led to clues to the motive of the murder.


The men look around the house looking for visible clues and ridiculing how Mrs. Wright kept up her house. The woman then start to sympathize with Mrs. Wright, because they would not want men coming into their own homes speaking of what a poor job they did housekeeping. Housekeeping is a hard job and is one that the women of the play take very seriously. The women have bonded with Mrs. Wright even though she is not present. They are all housewives and understand what they go through each day doing their jobs.


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While the men are in another room looking around and discussing the case the women are also doing the same thing. The women are not asked to help look for clues or for their opinion on what they think a motive could be. Mrs. Wright being a housewife, had much more in common with the women in the play and they probably could have given the men some help to the stress of their daily life, which might have helped them in the end.


Although each person in the play may have had their own character, attitude and beliefs that differ from one another, I think that they were separated in this play by men in women. The men in the play were the professionals, they were knowledgeable and they sort of looked down on the women. The women in the play were more submissive; they obeyed the men. They too were also very knowledgeable; they just were not recognized for it.


The climax of the play is when the women found the evidence and the men walked in. Up to this point it was clear that someone had been murdered and there was only one person in the house when the victim was found. The story that Mrs. Wright gave when she was questioned about the murder was unrealistic. The only thing that they really needed to convict her of murder was some sort of evidence as to why she would have murdered her husband. The women find this evidence and they had it when the men walk in. The audience thinks that if they show the men the evidence the case will be solved and the story is over. The women in the play are probably thinking about their position in life. As to where they stand in terms of the men. The evidence they found was a bird with a rope tied around his neck just like Mr. Wright was murdered. They came up with a motive as to why the bird had been killed and why Mr. Wright had been killed. This motive made perfectly good sense to them and to the audience. If it had been presented to the men do you think they would have saw it the same why? I don’t think so. The women, I think basically saw no purpose in showing the men the evidence because they would not understand the motive that they had come up with. They would probably think that it was crazy and so was Mrs. Wright. So they did not even bother with trying to argue their point.


If the play would have ended a little differently then maybe the theme could be trying to uncover evidence to a murder, hands down. The women in the play kept the clues that they found from the men partly because they might have felt a certain bond with this woman. They also kept the evidence away from the men because their ability to help was questionable by the men. The men in they play are arrogant, which is why they did not solve the case. They were not focused so much on the motive and the events that led up to the murder, but actual scene of the crime.


It may seem silly to argue this point because with out a doubt Mrs. Wright did in fact murder her husband and if this was a real life story she probably would have been tried and convicted, even without the clues that the women found. The men found what they were looking for which was nothing. I say nothing because they went into house almost sure that Mrs. Wright had killed her husband, therefore they needed nothing else to prove that. They wanted to find physical evidence to the murder. There was no forced entry and no evidence of a struggle that they could find. The women were not looking for evidence but still found some. They were just looking to see what kind of person Mrs. Wright was and they found her motive for killing her husband. Although Mrs. Wright was probably tried and convicted of the murder without the evidence the women found, their clues were still valuable. One should not call them trifles.


The message that I got from the play, Trifles, was that men and women approach things in their own way. This does not make one better than the other. Both are very capable of getting the job done and doing it well. It might be a little easier if both sexes would put their differences aside and listen to one another. If the play lasted longer and the case was taken to trial, it probably would have ended much sooner with the evidence that the women found. Or maybe Mrs. Wright could have gotten a lighter sentencing because of the obvious pain she was going through while living in that house with her husband. A husband who didn’t care to hear her opinions or about how she was feeling. Maybe the women in the play were trying to cover up things for Mrs. Wright because they understood what could make her do such a thing. Not being appreciated for the hard work that they do, maybe the thought of killing those who put them down crossed all of their minds. It was just Mrs. Wright who was fed up and acted upon her thoughts.








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persuasive speech

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Anthony Speech


Everyday a person is rushed to get things done, make money, meet a deadline, or just get some rest. Like the life of most students, their day consists of being at school all day and work most of the evening. When a student gets home everybody is usually asleep, or depending on the household people are still at work. This probably wouldn’t have happened 0 years ago when most women stayed home and didn’t have to work. But this is what happens to a good amount of families today. Society today has a more expensive cost of living which may require two sources of income or even more. So now we have almost all women active in the work force and people are rushed which leaves little room for those key moments in family life. But its the cycle of work all the time and rest with what little time is left that makes it hard to live any other way. It has also made it easier for families to fall apart under the pressure that is made from this life style. Its this environment that people live in that makes it so difficult to have a good family. It takes away three main factors that are needed to have a good family. Time for communication, the urge to have a close organized family, and the inability to get a divorce.


One of the things that has been pushed out are, the key moments that help families communicate and bond. An example being when people are hurried and are at work or school all day they usually don’t have time to to sit and eat together or sometimes even see each other at all. This can create a lack of communication, and over time cause problems. Some families find ways to cope with it, others may just fall apart. The ones that learn to cope with it use what little time in between to see each other and spend time communicating. On the other hand families can be so hurried and busy that they can’t find any time for those moments in family life that mean so much to the survival of a good family.


Another factor that has been knocked out of the way is the urge for people to have a close and organized family life. What I mean is people today do not think its necessary to have a family like it was 0 years ago. The world has made it easier to live a life on the go with things like fast food, cellphones, and the internet. Things like this have made it easier for families to grow apart and sometimes fall apart. Think about it, a person thats in a hurry to get to work or school can stop and eat at one of the many fast food places, call their family on the way there, and e-mail them when they get there. Rather than be late because they didn’t make time enough to stop and eat with the family. These options that are given to us can really hurt the family by making it easier to separate the family, but they can also keep the family closer when there is no time to communicate.


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Something else that can be disturbing about families today is the rate of divorce. The amount of broken families has risen to very high levels in recent years. One of the main factors in this is it has become easier and more common for people to have a divorce, when it used to be unlawful and the “till death do you part” section of a persons wedding vows were taken very seriously. People did not even think of separating not even kings were aloud to get a divorce most of the time they would have there spouse killed if they were not happy. Now divorce has become so common that the media reports that 50% of all marriages will end in divorce. This is startling but true and can make for a very rough family life.


I believe that these things that have been negatively influenced by society and the life we live which cause for bad family life. They are not chosen to be mistreated by just one single person, these things are encouraged by the society we live in today and can be helped if we stop and think of what its doing to our families and how well they communicate and get along. It may not effect everybody but it could hopefully influence some to work things out and help reduce the amount of broken families.





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Expensing Stock Options

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Expensing Stock Options


Many Fortune 500 corporations in the United States are feeling pressure to classify stock


options as an expense in the wake of the Enron Corporation and Worldcom accounting scandals.


Due to the amount of money many of the executives from each of these companies made from


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stock options, the Securities and Exchange Commission needs to regulate stock options or force


companies to expense the stock options on their annual and quarterly financial statements.


Typically, an option plan gives the employees the right to buy company stock at a certain price;


the strike price which is usually the market price on the date of the grant of the options. Under


current U.S. accounting rules, companies can choose whether to deduct option costs from


expenses or disclose the options in the footnotes section of the financial statements. Proponents


argue that if expensing stock options does not become a requirement, companies will continue to


shower executives with outlandish option awards worth millions.


The first major U.S. corporations to begin expensing stock were Coca-Cola, General Electric,


and Proctor & Gamble. Each of these companies announced plans to account explicitly for the


cost of the options they use to compensate executives and other employees. Originally, these


options were used as bonuses for executives; however, over the last three - four years, this type


of payout has become more of compensation as salaries rather than bonuses without having to


show this expense on financial statements.


For example, the following CEO’s of Fortune 500 companies received compensation in the


form of salary and stock options without having to show the full expense on any of the


company’s financial statements, including income statements or statements of cash flows for the


fiscal year 001


Company CEO Salary Stock Option Bonus


Dell Computer Corp Michael Dell $8,08 $10,400,000


Hewlett-Packard Carleton S. Fiorina $1,000,000 $1,51,781


IBM Lou Gerstner $1,000,000 $115,000,000


Motorola Christopher Galvin $0 $,70,000


While CEO’s of these and all other major corporations make the most in salary and bonus


packages, the true reflection of their compensation is not computed into the income statement.


Rather, each company will list these amounts as footnotes and choose not to go into detail about


the amounts they receive or how the bonus compensation is structured.


However, in November, 00, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) published


a proposal to require all companies to take the same route as Coca-Cola, General Electric, and


Proctor & Gamble. The IASB submitted five specific principles to help boards and senior





management align more closely the role of options as managerial incentives with the interests of


the shareholders


1. Explicitly tie compensation to individual value creation. In case after case, investors have


seen executives reap extraordinary rewards tied to share price increases that had little to do


with the management and everything to do with factors beyond its control, such as interest rate


movements and changes in macroeconomic decisions. Indexed options can be a useful tool in


these cases. Unlike standard options, indexed ones make it possible to benchmark an executive


against a set of his or her peers.


. Minimize incentives to alter the company’s risk profile. Investors have discovered that


executives of top companies whose shares they own have ample opportunity to affect share


prices by managing in ways that aren’t necessarily in investors’ best interest. Increasing the


financial leverage of a company or the degree of business risk it bears are two prime examples.


To guard against such circumstances, the board’s best response might be to reduce the weight of


stock options in the CEO’s compensation.


. Favor the grant of restricted stock over stock options. As noted, indexed stock options offer


one way to distinguish between value created by external forces and value arising from


individual performance. Another answer would be to replace stock options with restricted stock,


granted under conditions relating to executive tenure and performance. By requiring executives


to invest some minimum proportion of their wealth or multiple of their salaries in the stock of


the companies they run, boards can ensure that they will care about a sustained drop in share


prices. Either of these changes in compensation policy will force companies to begin to give an


accurate reporting in their financial statements of CEO salary and total compensation; not just


footnotes at the bottom of the page.


4. Restrict the timing stock sales. Boards can also restrict the sale of a significant portion of a


CEO’s stock awards for a period of time (ex two years beyond the end of his or her tenure).


This would ensure that CEO’s focus on the creation of long-term value and not on short-lived


bumps in stock prices.


5. Limit the potential for hedging strategies. Senior executives have many ways to hedge their


holdings in the shares they own. But hedging poses a danger because it can, without


shareholder knowledge, limit the real exposure to the companies without having to publically


report this information on any financial statements.


The major argument against expensing stock options is the reduction in earnings over the fiscal


year and during each quarter. However, in a USA Today analysis of 4 of the largest


corporations, earnings would be reduced by only 4.% on average (throughout the entire fiscal


year). There are two exceptions to this study; Intel Corporation reported that earnings would


have been 7% lower if it had expensed stock options, and Cisco Systems stated losses would


have been nearly three times as large, if it had expensed stock options. However, General


Electric’s earnings would have been only .% lower in the same fiscal year 001.


Initial research indicates that as companies begin expensing options they are almost certain to


get stingier about handing them out because of the impact on the bottom line. That will have


major implications for how a wide array of employees negotiate their compensation packages.


Also, this will give a more accurate representation of the true compensation packages, especially


for senior or executive management. Furthermore, investors will be able to see the full effect


these “salaries” have on the bottom lines of these companies.


From an individual employee standpoint, expensing options may hurt when negotiating for


bonuses, better overall compensation packages, or performance awards. But with executives


making millions when companies are struggling or having to lay-off thousands of employees, the


net result will be more beneficial for the non-management employee and investor. For example,


in the case of Enron and Worldcom, the company executives may have still not completely





divulged the entire stock option information; however, these filings would have been on record


with the SEC as well as posted in the company’s financial statements. With these changes, the


collapse of each company may have been avoided and thousands of lay-offs may not have


occurred. Alan Greenspan, Federal Reserve Board Chairman, predicted in Congressional


testimony that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which sets accounting rules in


the Unites States, would vote in favor of the switch due to the vague rules that currently exist.


Standard & Poor announced in 001 that they will now report earnings for companies by


subtracting the footnote options expensing from income. The IASB has approved staff


recommendations to establish options accounting standards and the European Union adopted the


IASB standards in 00. Currently, the SEC is studying the issue.





In conclusion, with the total amount of stock options increasing each year and becoming the


major incentive in CEO compensation packages, the SEC needs to follow other accounting


boards initiative and begin making expensing stock options mandatory in all financial


statements. With these changes, companies will begin showing more accurate earnings results


while CEO’s will not be able to receive outrageous compensation packages and the companies


they run continue to struggle with thousands of employees lose their jobs.


Works Cited


Jubak, Jim. “In Lean Times, Fat Cat CEO’s Get Fatter.” April 16, 00


WWW.TheStreet.com


Dignan, Larry. “Who Wants to Be A Gazillionaire”? April , 00


WWW.C/NetNews.com


“The Job Security Double Standard.” 00.


WWW.AFL-CIO.com


“Dell Chairman Gains 18.7 Million From Exercising Options


In Fiscal 001.” May 1, 001. WWW.DowJones.com





“Getting What You Pay For With Stock Options.” December 1, 00


The McKinsley Quarterly. WWW.Forbes.com


Krantz, Matt. “Firms Expensing Stock Options Aren’t Taking A Huge Hit.”


August 8, 00. USA Today


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Flatland

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Edwin Abbotts Flatland is an absurd, satirical, comedic novel that


describes the inhabitants and the inhabitants lifestyles in a


two-dimensional world. He begins the novel describing the caste system and


each particular caste in the flatland. The lowest caste is that of the


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isosceles triangles. The isosceles triangle caste includes soldiers and the


lowest class of workmen. Isosceles triangles are those that have two equal


sides and an unequal base. The next caste level is that of the equilateral


triangles and they make up the middle class. Next come the squares and


pentagons, which are the professional men and gentlemen. Next above these are


the Nobility. The Nobility include six-sided figures and up, rising in number


until they reach the title of polygonal, which means many-sided. When the


sides become so numerous that the figure cannot be distinguished from a


circle, it becomes part of the Circular caste, also known as the priestly


order. All of these castes include the men. The women, however, are set apart


on their own and are considered to be even lower than the isosceles. The


women are straight lines. (However, I think that the novel sort of


contradicts itself here because it explains that women have a front end and a


back end, which would make them line segments, NOT lines. The reason being


that lines go on forever, segments do not.)


Next, the author begins to explain how easily the figures can go from one


caste to another. Its easy to make this transition for all castes excepting


the isosceles triangles. All other regular polygons have three or more equal


sides. When a polygon has a child, it is known that the child has one more


side than those of his father. Meaning, when an equilateral triangle has a


son, the son will have four equal sides thus making him a square. This


continues through the generations until the family has reached the Priestly


Order. It is difficult for the isosceles triangles to move from caste to


caste because of its irregularity. However, as his intelligence grows, the


isosceles triangles two equal sides have been known to shrink and his


unequal base to grow, thus making him closer to an equilateral triangle. It


is a rarity, but an equilateral offspring can be born to isosceles parents.


(Again, I think the book contradicts itself. Its probably just a mistake,


but the book says parents NOT father implying that BOTH parents are


isosceles triangles, but if all females are lines, they cannot be isosceles


triangles.)


The women of flatland are dangerous to men. They are but straight lines.


Sure, you can see them fine from side view, but when looking at them straight


on, they are but a point. For those of us in the three-dimensional land, its


like laying a needle on a table and looking at it straight on with our eyes


at the tables level. All we would see is a point. The women are almost


invisible to the men when looking at them from the front. If the men are not


careful, running into the almost invisible women could lead to their demise.


Thats why its a law that in public, the women must continuously move their


backs so that the men can see them. Also, the women and men have separate


entrances into their homes. The men enter the home on the west side and the


women enter the home on the east side. Otherwise, the men could be in danger


around the women. The women also


have very short memories. Their heads are so tiny that they cannot store very


much information. The women are also very passionate. In a heated moment, a


woman could execute her husband and her children. Because of her short


memory, moments later she might ask what happened to her family.


Next, the author describes the ods of telling the castes apart.


Because flatland is two-dimensional, everything that can be seen is seen as a


line. There are three ods that the flatlanders use to tell each other


apart. The first od is hearing. The figures sense of hearing is far more


developed than that of the three-dimensional people. It allows the figures to


discriminate between the equilateral, square, and pentagon castes. The second


method, feeling, is used mainly by the women and lower-castes. The feeling


method is simply what it states. The figures feel each other to determine


what type of figure the others are. However, this od is dangerous because


one wrong move can seriously injure or even kill a figure. The isosceles


triangles have very sharp vertices and we already know about the dangers of


the women. The third and most sophisticated od is that of sight. Now,


its been stated before that when a figure is seen, it is seen as a straight


line. However, with the presence of fog, the figures are able to tell the


difference between other figures. With fog, the front of the figure is clear


and sharp while the other sides are much dimmer and fall back into the fog.


The deeper the sides are into the fog, the dimmer they are. This od of


sight is only used by the upper castes and it is taught in a university.


Next, the author goes on to talk about irregular figures. Irregular


figures are those polygons whose sides are not all equal. Most irregular


figures are executed because their fellow flatlanders see them as useless in


their society. Soon, we learn about the practice of painting. The figures


begin to paint themselves in order to tell each other apart. The other three


methods are thrown out of the window. At first, it is all castes excluding


the women and circles that paint each of their sides in order to distinguish


themselves from the other castes. Lines and circles obviously do not have


sides, so they remain pure as the others paint themselves. However, very


soon, the women and circles begin painting themselves as well. They paint


their front halves red and their back halves green. This causes problems


because when the priests are seen, they appear to be a line- half red, half


green. The women are also half red, half green lines. Other figures begin to


confuse the lines with the circles and things become chaotic. The author goes


on to describe the color problems and how it becomes such a problem that it


even causes a war which ends with the complete annihilation of all isosceles


triangles. Afterwards, the use of color is completely abolished. Summing up


the first book, the author describes the priests (circles) and exactly how


they reach the status of priest order.


The second book of the novel simply describes the main characters (who


is a square) introduction to the worlds of one dimension (lineland) and three


dimensions (the land of the solids). He is introduced to lineland through a


dream. In his dream, he tries to convince the King of the lineland that there


is a world outside his own and that another dimension does exist. The king is


reluctant to believe the squares story and after much debate, the lines


begin to attack the square. The square then wakes up, realizing it was only a


dream. Soon though, the tables are turned on the square when a sphere from


the solid world visits him. The sphere tries to convince the square, as the


square himself did to the king of lineland, that there is yet another


dimension. The square himself is reluctant to believe the sphere. After much


debate, the square is convinced that the sphere is nothing but a magician or


devil of some sort and attempts to kill him but to no avail. The sphere


continues to argue and again, the square tries to kill the sphere. Again, his


attempt is in vain. Once the sphere realizes that the square cannot be


convinced otherwise, he takes the square with him to the land of the solids


and shows him. Finally, the square sees what the sphere has been trying to


explain the whole time. Upon returning home, the square begins to tell his


grandsons about the land of the solids, hoping that they will understand.


Afterwards, the word of the land of the solids begins to spread.


Obviously this novel is out there. Its completely absurd. However, it is


a very funny novel thats also educational. The personification of


two-dimensional shapes throughout the novel makes the novel interesting. The


reader really has to use his or her imagination. In summation, this novel is


about two-dimensional figures that live in their two-dimensional world just


like people. They are ist, they discriminate, they kill, they reproduce,


they are born, and they die. It kind of makes you think about the


two-dimensional drawings that we see everyday. When we draw a square on a


piece of paper, its just a figure. When we bisect a triangle, its just a


figure. When we draw a circle on a piece of paper and then rip the paper in


half, were not hurting the circle, were just tearing the paper…right?





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east of eden

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Throughout the novel there are the accounts of many families. The most important in East of Eden is the Tarsk Family. Adam lived all his live in until he was sent of to war by his farther. When he had finished his duty Adam wandered around the United Stats. The relationship of him and his brother Charles was more of a respect for each other. Between Cal and Aron the relationship is very similar. In the both cases one is stronger than the other, somewhat neglected and is not loved by their father. The story of East of Eden is a tale of family learning how to get along. John Steinbeck looks at the relationships in the Tarsk family as they learn about dealing with feelings of jealousy and envy.


The story of the Tarsk family is similar to that of Steinbecks life1, he attempts to write an allegory. The significance of his characters is made very obvious to the reader. The Biblical story of Adam and Eve is used to portray the evils of the world and how all humanity is sinful. East of Eden reflects that story. Adam sets out to build his Eden with Kate (his Eve) but when she leaves him Adam is in a sense taken away from Eden, he falls into a depression. Adam is left with two sons whom he names Caleb and Aaron. Cal turns out to be evil just as his biblical counterpart, Cain, from Genesis 416“And Cain went out of the presence of the LORD, and dwelt in the land of Nod” . As well in the story of Cal and Aron there is rivalry between the brothers over the love of their father. The ever-lasting completion to win his love can lead to direst consequences.


The struggle between siblings because of jealousy is common. In the Tarsk family


favoritism leads to envy. Cyrus, father to Charles and Adam, loves Adam more. This


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makes Charles who loves their father very much, envious. In fact Charles is somewhat


neglected by their father. Adam on the other hand took this love for granted, “You’re


trying to take him away! I don’t know how you’re going about it. What do you think


you’re doing?” .What made Charles even angrier is that Adam doesn’t seem to notice


that their father loves him more than he does Charles and that “ Adam didn’t like their


father at all.” 4Charles tried all his life to please his father but no amount of anything will


make him favor Charles. Charles is angered by the fact that what ever Adam does is


satisfying to their father. However when Charles put all his thought, his hart and soul into


a gift for his father it will never be good enough. Adam had to put no effort into it. This


taught Charles that life is not fair and that you have to be tough to survive. The reality is


that you cannot have what you want and that it is always someone else who gets all the


glory. This is usually the perspective of people because as Charles sees it, Adam is the


lucky one for having the love of their father. Adam’s view however is that he is put down


because he is not as strong and skilled as his brother Charles. To feel like things are equal


between oneanother there is always something that can be done. Cal figured out that it


would make him feel better by using, “another implement, another tool, to use


for any purpose he needed.” 5. Mostly the purpose is to make Aron feel really bad. Cal


though he had found the perfect way to even out the difference between him and Aron.


He was very mistaken. After holding in the feelings of envy in to long they come out in


violent ways,


The foot came close, slowed, moved on a little, came back. From his hiding place Adam could see only darkness in the dark. And then a sulphur match was struck and burned a tiny blue until the wood caught, lighting his brother’s face grotesquely from below. Charles raised the match and peered around, and Adam could see the hatchet in his right hand. 6


Charles’ jealousy was taken to the extreme.





There are consequences to jealousy and envy. In East of Eden Steinbeck writes what would be likely as opposed to what would be nice7. This is what can happen if envy goes to far. First of all the relations between people is lost. Adam and Charles lost touch after the war, in which Adam took part. Adam roamed around the U.S. because he could not bring himself to go home, to face his brother. In the end when Adam had had enough of wandering he returned to his home only to leave again when he got married. Many years later when Adam thinks that it is a shame that he and his brother parted on such bad term Adam is devastated to find out that Charles has passed away. Another result to envy is doing something that will be very regrettable. Cal angered when Adam will not accept money that he has made but is extremely happy that Aron has come home from Collage, does a thing that will change everything. Cal tells Aron about their mother, who was thought dead by the boys. Aron is so overwhelmed by this that he tries to escape the reality. Aro enlists in the army. As a result of being in the war Aron dies. This news is too much for Adam to accept, he has a stroke. This is certainly not what Cal wanted but is the outcome to his actions, he asks forgiveness of his father for what he has done.





ENDNOTES


1. Warren French, John Steinbeck, New York Twayne Publishers,Inc.,161, p.


.Keith Ferrell, John Steinbeck The Voice of The Land , New York M. Evans and Company, Inc., 186, p. 151


.John Steinbeck, East of Eden, Penguin Putnam Inc., 1 p.


4.Ibid., p.1


5.Ibid., p.


6.Ibid., p.


7. Warren French, John Steinbeck, New York Twayne Publishers,Inc.,161, p.16





BIBLIOGRAPHY


John Steinbeck, East of Eden, Penguin Putnam Inc


Keith Ferrell, John Steinbeck The Voice of The Land , New York M. Evans and Company, Inc., 186


Warren French, John Steinbeck, New York Twayne Publishers,Inc.,161


Please note that this sample paper on east of eden is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on east of eden, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on east of eden will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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