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This project was an investigation into the differences between trained and untrained individuals.
The subjects were divided up into four groups, trained males, untrained males, trained females and untrained females. Each individual had to perform two tests, which were the Illinois agility run and the Ladder run. The ladder run is a skill that is aquired by training
There are two main types of energy systems aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic exercise requires oxygen. There are two Anaerobic energy systems, Alactic and Lactic. Anaerobic exercise does not require oxygen, and activities usually last for less than one minute. ATP-PCr (phosphocreatine) and glycolysis system. Oxygen is in short supply and ????????????????
There are two basic types of muscle fibres, Slow twitch type 1 and fast twitch type fibres. Type fibres can be further divided into, fast glycolytic or type b and fast oxidative glycolytic type a. type b produce most of their energy by creatine phosphate breakdown in glycolysis. Type a is a combination of both type 1 and type b. the average person has 50% slow twitch fibres and 50% fast twitch fibres. Elite Olympic athletes would have 80% fast twitch (sprinters) or 80% slow twitch fibres (marathon runners). Slow twitch fibres have a greater resistance to fatigue.
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Speed and agility are veryt important factors in sport. In the past it was thought that you were born with speed and agility. This is true to a certain extent due to genetic factors such as limb length, muscle attachment and the proportion of fast twitch fibres present.
The first group were the trained males. Trained males trained two � three nights a week and played at least one match at the weekend. The average result for the trained males in the agility run was 15.06secs. We expected this to be under 17 secs. The average result for the ladder run was .47secs. We expected this to be the very fast also. Subject 1 had the fastest time (1.7). When comparing this to the table in the results we can see that this is an excellent score. This subject plays hurling football and soccer all of which require speed and agility. This subject also had the fastest score on the ladder run (.080). these are exceptionally high scores which would suggest that the subject has a very high % of fast twitch fibres and is also genetically endowed with speed. Subject 5 had the slowest time in the agility run (15.70) when comparing this to the table we can say that this is an above average result. This is expected as the subject plays both hurling and football. This subject did not score the lowest on the ladder run (.64) which is very fast. The subject score on the agility run could be due to lack of experience in agility run which requires good coordination and balance.
The second group comprised of untrained males. Untrained males done very little or no training. The average result for the agility run was 16.866secs this is above average when compared to the table in the results. The average result on the ladder run was 4.0secs which was again above average when compared to the table in the results. Subject 7 scored the fastest on the agility run (15.1). this was an above average score and was not expected as the subject does not train regularly. This high score can only be due to genetic factors. This subject’s score on the ladder run was very fast (.754). This is very a very good score when compared to the average results of the group. Subject 1 scored the slowest result in the agility run (18.07). when comparing this to the table in results we can see that this is a below average result. This is not expected as as males tend to score higher than females. This suggest that this male has a high percentage of slow twitch fibres and may also be genetically programmed to be slow. The subject being untrained may have felt apprehensive about participating in the project and may not have ran to maximum speed giving rise to the low scores.LADDERS HAS TO BE MENTIONED NO RESULTS WITH ME
The third group comprised of 6 trained females. The average result for the agility run was 16.507secs and the average for the ladder run was .65secs. Subject 1 was the fastest in the agility run with a time of 15.1secs. when compairing this to the table this is an excellent score. This subject plays comogie and football and holds a brown belt in karate. Agility training is a core part of this subjects training. This subject would also have a very high %of fast twitch fibres. Her ladder score was .864secs which is a very good score also. Ladder training is also a key part of her training. Subject 14 scored the slowest time in the agility (17.84). This subject plays both soccer three to four times a week. When compared with the table in the results this is an above average score. Even though this subject has experience in agility training. She scored the slowest time which suggest that there is a genetic factor involved. However this subject scored the fastest time in the ladder run (.10). This could be due to the fact that this subject took part in a six-week intervention program where she trained exclusively in ladder training and has acquired the skill needed for good coordination and balance involved in ladder training.
Group 4 comprised of untrained females. The average in the agility run was 18.16 secs and the average in the ladder run was 4. secs. Subject scored fastest time in the agility run (17.7). This is an above average result when compared to the table in the results. This subject does little or no exercise. This suggests that she has genetically inherited more fast twitch fibres than slow twitch fibres. this subject also scored very high on the ladder run (.76) which is equal to some of the scores in the trained females. This suggests this subject has very good coordination and balance. Subject was the slowest in the agility run (1.0) which when compared to the table in the results is an average result. This subject has a high % of slow twitch fibres and is naturally no very fast. Even though this subject was the slowest in group four she still falls within the average range. Subject 4 scored the fastest time in the ladder run (.4) which is higher than some of the trained females. This suggest that success at ladders depends on genetically inherited characteristics i.e balance and coordination. Subject 0 scored the slowest time in the ladder run TIME??????????? Which suggests that she does not have good coordination or balance.
The majority of the subjects scored with the expected range considering their training, genetics and previous experience at S.A.Q training.
This project was a success. The results obtained show a significant difference in Speed Agility and Quickness of trained and untrained individuals. We also experience in the use of the equipment. Our knowledge of SAQ training and our organisational skills all improved. We also learnt how to interact with our subjects in a professional manner.
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