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PLANNING
METHOD
1. Push a potato borer through a potato, which you have placed onto a tile, which is on the table.
. Using a ruler and a knife carefully cut 1mm thick discs on the tile.
Help with essay on -GCSE Coursework-Hydrogen Peroxide Experiment
. Put 40 of these discs into a conical flask and put the lid in its place.
4. Fill a tub with water and place a measuring cylinder, also filled to the top with water, in it upside down.
5. Get the beaker with 0% hydrogen peroxide in it being careful you don’t get any on your skin and especially your eyes. Use a syringe and suck the hydrogen peroxide up to the 0ml mark.
6. Connect the tip of the syringe to the delivery tube leading to the conical flask. Get ready to place the other delivery tube underneath the measuring cylinder as soon as you have released the hydrogen peroxide into the flask.
7. Push the syringe to release the hydrogen peroxide into the flask. The enzymes in the potato cause a reaction.
8. Immediately start the stop clock. Time the reaction for one minute and once this is over, pull the tube out from under the measuring cylinder.
. Measure the amount of oxygen used by reading the measuring cylinder and record it in a table. Wash the equipment that you have used and make sure there are no traces of Hydrogen peroxide on the apparatus.
10. Repeat the experiment two more times and calculate the average of your results.
11. Repeat steps 1 � 10 but this time with the beaker that has 15% hydrogen peroxide. Do the same with the beakers that have 10%, 5% and 0% hydrogen peroxide in them.
RESULTS
To collect my results, I will measure the amount of oxygen produced during each experiment. I will then work out the average by adding up the results from each concentration of hydrogen peroxide and dividing by three.
EQUIPMENT
• Potato borer
• Potato
• Tile
• Worktop
• Ruler
• Knife
• Conical flask
• Tub
• Measuring cylinder
• Syringe
• Delivery tubes
• Different concentrations of Hydrogen peroxide
• Stop clock
VARIABLES
The only variable will be the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. I will try to keep others, such as volume of hydrogen peroxide, size and number of the potato discs, time allowed for reaction to happen, etc. the same. This will ensure that if there are different results, it will be due to the increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction.
PREDICTION
I predict that as I increase the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and therefore increase the number of molecules in a fixed volume, the rate of reaction will increase.
EXPLANATION
I assume this will be because there are more hydrogen peroxide particles in the conical flask so they are colliding more often with the enzymes. This will cause the substrates (hydrogen peroxide particles) to join the enzymes (catalase from the potato) in their active sites and create a complex. This will then cause the hydrogen peroxide molecules to be broken down and produce oxygen. We will be measuring the rate of the reaction by comparing the amount of oxygen produced, when we use different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, the higher the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and the more hydrogen peroxide particles in the beaker, the more collisions there will be, and the higher the rate of reaction.
CONDITIONS
There will be five different types of hydrogen peroxide. Each will have a volume of 0ml but only some of it will be hydrogen peroxide. There will be one with 0% hydrogen peroxide, 5% hydrogen peroxide, 10% hydrogen peroxide, 15% hydrogen peroxide, and finally one with 0% hydrogen peroxide in it. The rest of the volume will be filled with distilled water, which will have no effect on the enzymes. This will make sure that only the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is changed, not the volume. I will perform the experiment with 40 potato discs and all the different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. I shall repeat each experiment three times and take the average for each concentration of hydrogen peroxide.
PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT
Before this experiment, I performed another, similar to this one, the only difference being that I changed the surface area of potato discs, not the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. I found that as I increased the surface area, and therefore also the number of enzymes in the reaction, the rate of reaction increased. This meant that the more enzymes there are in a reaction, the quicker it would happen. I figured that if increasing the number of enzymes in my experiment increased the rate of reaction because of an increase in the number of collisions, increasing the number of substrates, which would also increase the number of collisions, would have the same result. I used this information to produce my prediction.
OBSERVATION
RESULTS TABLE
Concentration of hydrogen peroxide (%) Volume of oxygen produced (ml)
1st try nd try rd try Average
0 0 0 0 0
5 4 5 7 51/
10 8 7 8
15 1 10 1 111/
0 14 1 1 11/
PATTERN
From my table, I can conclude that as I increase the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the conical flask, the volume of oxygen produced increases.
CONCLUSION
GRAPH
WHAT MY GRAPH SHOWS
In my graph, as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases, so does the volume of oxygen produced through the reaction. As you can see from the equation below, the reaction produces oxygen. The higher the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the more substrates there are for the enzymes to break down. As a result, more of a reaction is performed and there is more oxygen produced.
Hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen
PREDICTION
In my prediction, I said that as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases, the oxygen would follow. Therefore, my prediction is correct.
GRAPH ANALYSIS
The graph is steepest at the beginning, but then it’s gradient decreases and it becomes less vertical. This may be because of the fact that as there are no substrates for the enzymes to break down in the first experiment, and so my average showed 0ml of oxygen was produced. Therefore, there was a bigger leap than I expected between the first two trials.
SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION
As I said earlier, increasing the concentration of enzymes increases the rate of reaction. To prove this, I performed the same experiment but a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide and therefore more substrates as I progressed. By using more substrates and therefore more enzymes in a given volume, there were more present to collide. Consequently, the chance of a reaction happening increased, and so the rate of reaction.
Evaluation
RELIABILITY/ACCURACY OF RESULTS
I think overall, my experiment produced accurate and reliable results. However, there were quite a few anomalous results but most of these were covered up by the averages. Accordingly, they weren’t shown on the graph. I think that these were caused by the rounded edges of the inside base of the measuring cylinder, which didn’t allow me to produce the most precise readings. To fix this in a future experiment Id allow about ml of air inside the measuring cylinder before I performed the task. Then, to gather my results, I would simply subtract from the reading in the measuring cylinder after the minute.
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